20 General utilities library [utilities]

20.5 Tuples [tuple]

20.5.3 Class template tuple [tuple.tuple]

namespace std {
  template<class... Types>
  class tuple {
  public:
    // [tuple.cnstr], tuple construction
    constexpr explicit(see below) tuple();
    constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(const Types&...);         // only if sizeof...(Types) >= 1
    template<class... UTypes>
      constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(UTypes&&...);           // only if sizeof...(Types) >= 1

    tuple(const tuple&) = default;
    tuple(tuple&&) = default;

    template<class... UTypes>
      constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(const tuple<UTypes...>&);
    template<class... UTypes>
      constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(tuple<UTypes...>&&);

    template<class U1, class U2>
      constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(const pair<U1, U2>&);   // only if sizeof...(Types) == 2
    template<class U1, class U2>
      constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(pair<U1, U2>&&);        // only if sizeof...(Types) == 2

    // allocator-extended constructors
    template<class Alloc>
      constexpr explicit(see below)
        tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a);
    template<class Alloc>
      constexpr explicit(see below)
        tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, const Types&...);
    template<class Alloc, class... UTypes>
      constexpr explicit(see below)
        tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, UTypes&&...);
    template<class Alloc>
      constexpr tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, const tuple&);
    template<class Alloc>
      constexpr tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, tuple&&);
    template<class Alloc, class... UTypes>
      constexpr explicit(see below)
        tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, const tuple<UTypes...>&);
    template<class Alloc, class... UTypes>
      constexpr explicit(see below)
        tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, tuple<UTypes...>&&);
    template<class Alloc, class U1, class U2>
      constexpr explicit(see below)
        tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, const pair<U1, U2>&);
    template<class Alloc, class U1, class U2>
      constexpr explicit(see below)
        tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, pair<U1, U2>&&);

    // [tuple.assign], tuple assignment
    constexpr tuple& operator=(const tuple&);
    constexpr tuple& operator=(tuple&&) noexcept(see below);

    template<class... UTypes>
      constexpr tuple& operator=(const tuple<UTypes...>&);
    template<class... UTypes>
      constexpr tuple& operator=(tuple<UTypes...>&&);

    template<class U1, class U2>
      constexpr tuple& operator=(const pair<U1, U2>&);          // only if sizeof...(Types) == 2
    template<class U1, class U2>
      constexpr tuple& operator=(pair<U1, U2>&&);               // only if sizeof...(Types) == 2

    // [tuple.swap], tuple swap
    constexpr void swap(tuple&) noexcept(see below);
  };

  template<class... UTypes>
    tuple(UTypes...) -> tuple<UTypes...>;
  template<class T1, class T2>
    tuple(pair<T1, T2>) -> tuple<T1, T2>;
  template<class Alloc, class... UTypes>
    tuple(allocator_arg_t, Alloc, UTypes...) -> tuple<UTypes...>;
  template<class Alloc, class T1, class T2>
    tuple(allocator_arg_t, Alloc, pair<T1, T2>) -> tuple<T1, T2>;
  template<class Alloc, class... UTypes>
    tuple(allocator_arg_t, Alloc, tuple<UTypes...>) -> tuple<UTypes...>;
}

20.5.3.1 Construction [tuple.cnstr]

In the descriptions that follow, let i be in the range [0, sizeof...(Types)) in order,

T_{i}

be the

i^{th}

type in Types, and

U_{i}

be the

i^{th}

type in a template parameter pack named UTypes, where indexing is zero-based.

For each tuple constructor, an exception is thrown only if the construction of one of the types in Types throws an exception.

The defaulted move and copy constructor, respectively, of tuple is a constexpr function if and only if all required element-wise initializations for move and copy, respectively, would satisfy the requirements for a constexpr function.

The defaulted move and copy constructor of tuple<> are constexpr functions.

If is_trivially_destructible_v<

T_{i}

> is true for all

T_{i}

, then the destructor of tuple is trivial.

🔗

constexpr explicit(see below) tuple();

Constraints: is_default_constructible_v<

T_{i}

> is true for all i.

Effects: Value-initializes each element.

Remarks: The expression inside explicit evaluates to true if and only if

T_{i}

is not copy-list-initializable from an empty list for at least one i.

[ Note

This behavior can be implemented with a trait that checks whether a const

T_{i}

& can be initialized with {}.

— end note

]

🔗

constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(const Types&...);

Constraints:

sizeof...(Types) \geq 1

and is_copy_constructible_v<

T_{i}

> is true for all i.

Effects: Initializes each element with the value of the corresponding parameter.

Remarks: The expression inside explicit is equivalent to:

!conjunction_v<is_convertible<const Types&, Types>...>

🔗

template<class... UTypes> constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(UTypes&&... u);

Constraints: sizeof...(Types) equals sizeof...(UTypes) and

sizeof...(Types) \geq 1

and is_constructible_v<

T_{i}

U_{i}

> is true for all i.

Effects: Initializes the elements in the tuple with the corresponding value in std::forward<UTypes>(u).

Remarks: The expression inside explicit is equivalent to:

!conjunction_v<is_convertible<UTypes, Types>...>

🔗

tuple(const tuple& u) = default;

Mandates: is_copy_constructible_v<

T_{i}

> is true for all i.

Effects: Initializes each element of *this with the corresponding element of u.

🔗

tuple(tuple&& u) = default;

Constraints: is_move_constructible_v<

T_{i}

> is true for all i.

Effects: For all i, initializes the

i^{th}

element of *this with std::forward<

T_{i}

>(get(u)).

🔗

template<class... UTypes> constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(const tuple<UTypes...>& u);

Constraints:

(18.1)
sizeof...(Types) equals sizeof...(UTypes) and
(18.2)
is_constructible_v< $T_{i}$ , const $U_{i}$ &> is true for all i, and
(18.3)
either sizeof...(Types) is not 1, or (when Types... expands to T and UTypes... expands to U) is_convertible_v<const tuple&, T>, is_constructible_v<T, const tuple&>, and is_same_v<T, U> are all false.

Effects: Initializes each element of *this with the corresponding element of u.

Remarks: The expression inside explicit is equivalent to:

!conjunction_v<is_convertible<const UTypes&, Types>...>

🔗

template<class... UTypes> constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(tuple<UTypes...>&& u);

Constraints:

(21.1)
sizeof...(Types) equals sizeof...(UTypes), and
(21.2)
is_constructible_v< $T_{i}$ , $U_{i}$ > is true for all i, and
(21.3)
either sizeof...(Types) is not 1, or (when Types... expands to T and UTypes... expands to U) is_convertible_v<tuple, T>, is_constructible_v<T, tuple>, and is_same_v<T, U> are all false.

Effects: For all i, initializes the

i^{th}

element of *this with std::forward<

U_{i}

>(get(u)).

Remarks: The expression inside explicit is equivalent to:

!conjunction_v<is_convertible<UTypes, Types>...>

🔗

template<class U1, class U2> constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(const pair<U1, U2>& u);

Constraints:

(24.1)
sizeof...(Types) is 2,
(24.2)
is_constructible_v< $T_{0}$ , const U1&> is true, and
(24.3)
is_constructible_v< $T_{1}$ , const U2&> is true.

Effects: Initializes the first element with u.first and the second element with u.second.

The expression inside explicit is equivalent to:

!is_convertible_v<const U1&,  $T_{0}$ > || !is_convertible_v<const U2&,  $T_{1}$ >

🔗

template<class U1, class U2> constexpr explicit(see below) tuple(pair<U1, U2>&& u);

Constraints:

(27.1)
sizeof...(Types) is 2,
(27.2)
is_constructible_v< $T_{0}$ , U1> is true, and
(27.3)
is_constructible_v< $T_{1}$ , U2> is true.

Effects: Initializes the first element with std::forward<U1>(u.first) and the second element with std::forward<U2>(u.second).

The expression inside explicit is equivalent to:

!is_convertible_v<U1,  $T_{0}$ > || !is_convertible_v<U2,  $T_{1}$ >

🔗

template<class Alloc>
  constexpr explicit(see below)
    tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a);
template<class Alloc>
  constexpr explicit(see below)
    tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, const Types&...);
template<class Alloc, class... UTypes>
  constexpr explicit(see below)
    tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, UTypes&&...);
template<class Alloc>
  constexpr tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, const tuple&);
template<class Alloc>
  constexpr tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, tuple&&);
template<class Alloc, class... UTypes>
  constexpr explicit(see below)
    tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, const tuple<UTypes...>&);
template<class Alloc, class... UTypes>
  constexpr explicit(see below)
    tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, tuple<UTypes...>&&);
template<class Alloc, class U1, class U2>
  constexpr explicit(see below)
    tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, const pair<U1, U2>&);
template<class Alloc, class U1, class U2>
  constexpr explicit(see below)
    tuple(allocator_arg_t, const Alloc& a, pair<U1, U2>&&);

Preconditions: Alloc meets the Cpp17Allocator requirements (Table 36).

Effects: Equivalent to the preceding constructors except that each element is constructed with uses-allocator construction .

20.5.3.2 Assignment [tuple.assign]

For each tuple assignment operator, an exception is thrown only if the assignment of one of the types in Types throws an exception.

In the function descriptions that follow, let i be in the range [0, sizeof...(Types)) in order,

T_{i}

be the

i^{th}

type in Types, and

U_{i}

be the

i^{th}

type in a template parameter pack named UTypes, where indexing is zero-based.

🔗

constexpr tuple& operator=(const tuple& u);

Effects: Assigns each element of u to the corresponding element of *this.

Remarks: This operator is defined as deleted unless is_copy_assignable_v<

T_{i}

> is true for all i.

Returns: *this.

🔗

constexpr tuple& operator=(tuple&& u) noexcept(see below);

Constraints: is_move_assignable_v<

T_{i}

> is true for all i.

Effects: For all i, assigns std::forward<

T_{i}

>(get(u)) to get(*this).

Remarks: The expression inside noexcept is equivalent to the logical and of the following expressions:

is_nothrow_move_assignable_v< $T_{i}$ >

where

T_{i}

is the

i^{th}

type in Types.

Returns: *this.

🔗

template<class... UTypes> constexpr tuple& operator=(const tuple<UTypes...>& u);

Constraints:

(9.1)
sizeof...(Types) equals sizeof...(UTypes) and
(9.2)
is_assignable_v< $T_{i}$ &, const $U_{i}$ &> is true for all i.

Effects: Assigns each element of u to the corresponding element of *this.

Returns: *this.

🔗

template<class... UTypes> constexpr tuple& operator=(tuple<UTypes...>&& u);

Constraints:

(12.1)
sizeof...(Types) equals sizeof...(UTypes) and
(12.2)
is_assignable_v< $T_{i}$ &, $U_{i}$ > is true for all i.

Effects: For all i, assigns std::forward<

U_{i}

>(get(u)) to get(*this).

Returns: *this.

🔗

template<class U1, class U2> constexpr tuple& operator=(const pair<U1, U2>& u);

Constraints:

(15.1)
sizeof...(Types) is 2 and
(15.2)
is_assignable_v< $T_{0}$ &, const U1&> is true, and
(15.3)
is_assignable_v< $T_{1}$ &, const U2&> is true.

Effects: Assigns u.first to the first element of *this and u.second to the second element of *this.

Returns: *this.

🔗

template<class U1, class U2> constexpr tuple& operator=(pair<U1, U2>&& u);

Constraints:

(18.1)
sizeof...(Types) is 2 and
(18.2)
is_assignable_v< $T_{0}$ &, U1> is true, and
(18.3)
is_assignable_v< $T_{1}$ &, U2> is true.

Effects: Assigns std::forward<U1>(u.first) to the first element of *this and

std::forward<U2>(u.second) to the second element of *this.

Returns: *this.

20.5.3.3 swap [tuple.swap]

🔗

constexpr void swap(tuple& rhs) noexcept(see below);

Preconditions: Each element in *this is swappable with ([swappable.requirements]) the corresponding element in rhs.

Effects: Calls swap for each element in *this and its corresponding element in rhs.

Remarks: The expression inside noexcept is equivalent to the logical and of the following expressions:

is_nothrow_swappable_v< $T_{i}$ >

where

T_{i}

is the

i^{th}

type in Types.

Throws: Nothing unless one of the element-wise swap calls throws an exception.